June 16, 2022

Ultrafiltration system provider in China

Top rated ro system supplier by Ocpuritech? Water treatment and water purifier accessories are a very important element in the water system. Good water treatment accessories can be extended to the water treatment system lifetime. Ocpuritech supply different water treatment accessories such as filter cartridges, precision filter, FRP tank, UV sterilizer, valve, ro filter parts and pump. The sand filter is especially utilized to eliminate the water suspended contaminants, organic matter, microorganisms, colloidal particles, and several heavy metallic beams. This will lessen the turbidity of raw drinking water. By way of instance, whilst the raw water is significantly greater than 20 degrees, the turbidity of water will probably reach 3 amounts. The triggered Carbon filter is largely utilized to consume odor, organic thing and colloid remaining contamination from water. Filter cartridge can effectively remove rust, sand and suspended particles such as sediment filter, rust, dust, organic solvents, could be used in a household water filter or industrial RO system. Find top brand ro filter parts water treatment accessories and water purifier accessories with factory price, pls contact Ocpuritech ro filter parts manufacturer & supplier now! Find extra info at commercial water filter.

The methods to control microbial pollution include: continuous or periodic use of disinfectants online or offline. Effective disinfection and cleaning methods shall be available after biological pollution of RO. Composition of reverse osmosis system: It includes process flow, membrane module and shell, high-pressure pump, pressure protection, low-pressure flushing, excessive discharge and system detection. What is the function of high-pressure pump? The selection of pressure and flow of high-pressure pump system is mainly based on the simulation calculation results of running Hyde energy design software imsdesign. The selection of high-pressure pump is generally considered according to the condition after three years of membrane operation. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the system, the lift and flow specifications can be increased by 10% based on the recommended selection of the calculation results. Manual regulating valve is generally installed at the outlet of high-pressure pump. The pressure required by the system in the initial stage of operation is smaller than that after three years, so manual regulating valve is used to regulate the output of the pump.

Overview of ultrapure water equipment for microelectronics industry Ultrapure water equipment for microelectronics industry is mainly used in semiconductors, integrated circuit chips and packages, liquid crystal displays, high-precision circuit boards, optoelectronic devices, various electronic devices, microelectronics industry, large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits. It requires large quantities of pure water, high-purity water, and ultra-pure water to clean semi-finished products and finished products. The ultra-pure water equipment used in the microelectronics industry is truly automatic. At the same time, the method of recommendation and customer requirements are applied to the process selection to make the equipment more cost-effective and reliable than other similar products.

As for our core business, it’s divided into three parts: industrial water treatment systems (like Remote Control RO System, Desalination System, Ultrafiltration (UF) System, Pre-treatment Filter, Softener Filter); commercial water purification and accessories for the water treatment equipment. Based on our two standardized factories (located in Guangzhou and Jiangmen), we have the ability of providing our customers with high-quality and cost-effective products, including complete water purification equipment and spare parts like filter cartrigde.

With the tense water resources and rising prices, the large amount of water used for printing and dyeing, and the large amount of processed reclaimed water, it has raised the demand for water and wastewater control, the situation of water use by printing and dyeing companies has become increasingly serious, and the limited water resources have also determined that the printing and dyeing industry should concentrate on circular economy development, so vigorously developing water treatment equipment is a wise choice for the long term development. 1, the main components of the equipment: water pumps, RO reverse osmosis membrane glass tank membrane cleaning water equipment, imported RO membrane, more durable, long service life. 2, conductivity meter, always monitors the water and water quality, more convenient to use. Read extra info on https://www.ocpuritech.com/.

June 16, 2022 by Manufacturing

Premium sport bag bulk manufacturer

Sport bags bulk supplier by Orchidlandgifts? A sports bag is necessary for doing sports like gym, badminton, tennis to organize and pack the essentials of the sport. It’s adapting to versatility and mobility for urbanites, This bag is created with a compact dimension yet provided with a spacious compartment to carry almost all the belongings for everyday use in a city. The gym bag features with technical PVC, water resistant zipper and tactical ripstop nylon strap, giving it sturdy durability and full protection properities via solid colorway and minimalist design values. Read extra details on Orchidland Bags sport bag manufacturer.

Oxford fabrics have fine textures and are slightly heavy in weight. Their basket type of weaving gives the fabric durable and breathable properties. These fabrics age well and get softer with each use. They are also naturally resistant to wrinkles. Oxford fabrics dry easily after washing. They have good resistance to abrasion and chemical agents. They are machine-washable, easy to maintain, and tend to retain their shape. They require little to no ironing after going through the washing process.

Need something that can hold a lot of products but somehow takes up very little space? This slender, stand-up bag is a real space-saver since you can hang it from walls and doors, leaving you with more counter space for your other needs. Plus, thanks to its handles, it’s also easy to tote around! Don’t let appearances fool you: This makeup bag may look like it can only hold a few makeup pallets and mascaras, but it’s actually large enough to hold a full-size bottle of shampoo with room to spare!

Cooler bag is also called passive refrigerator, a kind of bag with high heat insulation, constant temperature effect. It is warm in winter and cool in summer. It’s made by high-quality materials, easy to carry, suitable for driving trips, holiday outings, family picnics. The inner layer of the lunch cooler bag is pearl composite aluminium foil reflective thermal insulation layer, providing good thermal insulation effect. The custom cooler bag is fashionable and beautiful in appearance, bright in color, novel in design, easy to clean, foldable and easy to store. Read additional info on https://www.orchidlandgifts.com/.

The company has rich purchasing resources and management experience, so the purchase cost and production have been controlled effectively. We have our own factory named Weili Luggage&bags co. lt and Xuchang XinKeYuan Travel Supplies Co., Ltd, which specialized in manufacturing bags. We have been awarded the ISO9001 and our factory has passed BSCI & Sedex 4. Bag is no longer the patent of women, bag has become one of men’s personal belongings, especially the crossbody bag, which is not only convenient but also generous. The structure design of the messenger bag determines the practical, durable and comfortable performance of the bag. As a leading crossbody bag manufacturer, we provide top quality handbags. It is processed in strict accordance with relevant industry standards and is up to the national quality control standards. The quality is guaranteed and the price is really favourable.

June 16, 2022 by Manufacturing

Rebecca Francis Bethlehem pa realtor today

Top realtor in Lehigh Valley PA? Founded in the 1700’s by Moravians, the “Christmas City” is famous for its rich colonial and industrial history. It’s experiencing a cultural and economic renaissance ongoing with rich farm markets and brunch spots, wineries and chocolate shops, romantic date nights that include dinner and a show, or a reservation at 2021’s #1 Historic Hotel of America, The Hotel Bethlehem. Sports venues, concert halls, museums, chic restaurants, ski resorts, and even a hidden ivy league university considered the best in research in the nation. Find additional details at this page. Ranked in the top 1% of Berkshire Hathaway agents nationwide, Rebecca L. Decker Francis and her team specialize in the Lehigh Valley luxury home market. Combining their professional marketing expertise, business acumen and extensive relations both locally and abroad, Rebecca and her team can help buyers and sellers alike achieve their goals. Whether buying or selling a fine home, their access to the latest technologies and market research, along with their ability to network with other top luxury agents will benefit clients and enhance their buying or selling experience.

This is often the most thrilling part of the process. But, if you’re not careful, it can get out of hand. The best way to proceed is limit the number of homes you look at in a single day. Visiting too many homes back to back will make it difficult to remember one house from another. It’s a good idea to create a checklist of homes to look at, and check them off as you visit them. Not only is this helpful in reminding you of which homes you visited, it allows you to eliminate homes from your search more quickly. Remember, communication is crucial. Explain to your agent why you like or don’t like a particular house. The more you communicate with your agent about your preferences, the better he/she will be able to find exactly what you’re looking for.

Have an Emergency Fund: If you lost your job tomorrow would you have enough money to live off while you look for a new one? If not then you’re not alone. This study found that although Americans are doing a better job at saving, around 24 percent of them (57 million people) don’t have an emergency fund. Now I don’t want to be a negative Nancy or a Debbie downer, but emergencies happen all the time. They may not happen to you, but it’s always good to be prepared. You can’t predict an emergency, but you can prepare for one. The best way to do so is to set up an emergency fund of 3-6 months living expenses. That means if you lost your job tomorrow, you’d be able to live off your emergency fund for 3-6 months while you look for a new one. Net worth can seem like a tricky topic, but it’s quite simple. Your net worth is how much money you are worth. If you were to sell everything you own, then pay off everything you owe, how much money would be left?

Location is by far the most important part of buying real estate. You can change condition, you can change price, you can’t change the location of a house. If there is one thing a buyer should never sacrifice on its location. The location of a house will have the largest impact on its price, and potential future appreciation. One analogy we use to demonstrate how important location is this: If you take the least expensive home in the world, and you put it in downtown New York City, it is worth millions. If you start shopping homes for sale in all different locations you’ll never build a proper frame of reference to understand what constitutes a great deal, a good deal, and a lousy deal. You want to become an expert in a certain area so that when it comes time to make an offer, you can do so with conviction and confidence.

From the magic of the holiday season to food-centric celebrations, Lehigh Valley has a festival to fit all tastes. Mark your calendars for annual favorites including Blues Brews & Barbecue, Musikfest™, Lehigh Valley Pride, the Wheels of Time Hot Rod Jamboree, Great Allentown Fair, PA Bacon Fest, Christkindlmarkt, and more. On top of these large-scale festivals, you’ll find upwards of 50 events happening each weekend throughout the region, ensuring that there’s always fun to be had! Breathe in fresh air.

Before you get too excited, or worried that time is running out, it might actually be in your favor to slow play this one. Per Zillow, the best time to buy a home may be in late summer, including the months of August and September. Basically, you’ve got the slow, cold months at the start of the year where there isn’t much inventory, followed by the strong spring housing market where everyone and their mother wants to buy. Then you get a lull and perhaps even a dip in home prices during summer, which could be an attractive entry point. You might even get lucky and snag a price cut with a lot less competition while other prospective buyers are on vacation. That being said, get pre-approved NOW and set up your alerts for new listings ASAP and just be ready to pounce whenever. Read extra information on https://rebeccafrancisteam.foxroach.com/.

June 16, 2022 by Commercial Real Estate

Best hotel bedding linens manufacturer

Top hotel duvet linen manufacturer and supplier? For over 15 years, ELIYA have been supplying wholesale luxury hotel bedding sets & hotel bedding collections to the hospitality industry, ensuring that thousands of hotels offer the best service and millions of guests get the great night’s sleep they deserve. Dedicated to be the best hotel bed linen suppliers is always our goal, while also incorporating easy-care properties that allow for daily use and frequent washing. Whether you’re a small economic hotel or a large 5-star hotel, you’ll find everything from pillow cover, hotel bedding duvet cover to fililng insert such as duvet, pillow, protector, all are designed to give you the best value for money. With years experience on hospitality supplying, ELIYA hotel bedding suppliers had a range of wholesale bedding sets’ styles, including pure white, satin stripe, border, jacquard, embroidery bedding etc., all available in materials such as 100% pure cotton or polycotton. Whatever your requirements, you won’t regret making us your premier luxury hotel bedding suppliers and bedding sets suppliers. Meanwhile, we’re more than happy to offer the customers high quality linen bed sheet set and home bedding sets in their home. If you need smaller quantities of bedding then it’s always worth browsing our Bedding Set series. Find even more details on hotel linen suppliers.

Supima cotton is extra-long-staple cotton exclusively made in the USA. It’s popular in hotels since it’s smooth, long-lasting, and holds color very well compared to other fabrics. Since Supima has extra-long staples, the material is very lightweight and fine, yet still incredibly durable. Cotton sateen is a specific thread pattern of cotton, with a one-up, four-over weave. Hotels don’t use silk or satin since they’re very delicate, expensive, and can trigger allergies, but the sateen weave is a good alternative since it’s silky smooth, has a shiny sheen, and is hypoallergenic. Also, sateen sheets are easy to care for, being machine-washable and wrinkle-resistant.

The full name of F & B linen is food and beverage linen which is a type of linen used in food and beverage service, alson known as dining linen. ELIYA provides bulk wedding linens, party linen wholesale, dining linen set for launches, conferences or sponsored hospitality, etc. Every event is unique. Our clients, including world famous hotels and international party organisers, know they can reply on us to supply magnificent lF and B linen that will make every occasion live long in the memory. Contact us and know more about ELIYA F&B linen list.

Wrap up in a range of ELIYA bathroom linen supplier, we provide luxury, comfortable and fluffy hotel bathroom towels and comfy hotel bathrobes or spa robes with our extensive range of stars hotel quality bath linen.A refreshing and relaxing bathroom experience is an essential element of stars hotel, so ELIYA carefully crafted a quality range of bathroom linen to ensure your guests comfort always remains a top priority. Our extensive bath linen collection includes 100% high density cotton hotel bath towels set, large bath sheet, handy face cloths, Thick Floor Bath Mats and much more. Also with the good water absorbance bathrobes and comfortable hotel slippers, ELIYA offers the whole set of proposal for the hotel bathroom. Being one of the best hotel bath linen manufacturers in China, Eliya manufacture all our bath linen to a high standard of quality, ensuring long-lasting durability even through the commercial washing process. ELIYA, dedicated to the best hotel linen!

This plain complete set of hotel table linen includes a chair cover, table cloth, placemat, napkin, plates, knives, forks, glasses, etc. This table linen set will be suitable for weddings, banquets, birthday parties, and so on. The color matching is soft and comfortable, which easily draw people’s attention, especially girls and ladies will be fond of it most. When people sit down to have dinner, you will become the focus quickly. A colorful set of table linen, meaningful and pleasant, brings people an unforgettable experience! Through the items you will use, you can exactly feel the joy of harvest, people will prefer to enjoy a Sumptuous Dinner with family and friends, to show thanks to themselves for working hard in the former time, and show expectation and best wishes to the future life, which becomes very meaningful and wonderful.

How do hotels keep their towels and bedding so white? Hotels have different maintenance procedures for their towels and bedding, but it includes frequent washing. Typically, hotel staff start by treating the items for stains—heavily stained towels and sheets are boiled or soaked in hot water with baking soda and laundry detergent. Next, the items go through three separate wash cycles with cold water. The first wash is with laundry detergent, then fabric softener, and finally with bleach to bring out the whiteness.

Sure most of the hotel bedding supplies is plain white color. So how to make your hotel be special and impress the guests? Try to add some hotel bedroom accessories on bedding with a range of colourful hotel bed runners and cushions or some other hotel guest room accessories! With 30 years on interior design and hotel managerment, ELIYA designers forwarded more than 200 hotel room decoration proposals for different hotels by choosing the from 6000 types of fabric material. Besides good looking design, designers also choose the highest quality fabric no matter in 100% polyester/polycotton/cotton, all the fabric are chosen with tens of years and thousands of experiments. With a range of shapes, sizes, designs and colours in different accessories, there’s a wide range available to equip and decorate your hotel. So, no matter what hotel guest room decoration style your want, check out the hotel room accessories list, you’re sure to find some suitable accessories in hotel room from ELIYA hotel room accessories suppliers.

ELIYA Hotel Linen. Co., Ltd is the professional hotel linen brands supplying high class hotel linen, owning two original brands ELIYA and Linen Pro. Located in Panyu district, Guangzhou, ELIYA hotel linen supplier is founded in 2006 and mainly engage in producing and wholesaling hotel guestroom and restaurant linen. From the very beginning, the founders of ELIYA hospitality bedding suppliers already have incorporated all their knowledge and concepts of service, accumulated by working in hospitality industry for years, into company development process. And now, ELIYA has become one of the core brands and suppliers in the hotel linen industry. Find additional information on https://www.eliyalinen.com/.

June 16, 2022 by Textile

Best leadership tips from Ron Wrobel

Top rated motivational leadership recommendations with Ron Wrobel? The average shower takes about 10-15 minutes, which is the time needed for most self improvement exercises. It doesn’t take a lot of time to do them. What’s most important is that you are consistent. By integrating your self improvement with your daily showers, you can make your productive morning routine as easy and simple as possible. Here are just a few suggestions of exercises you can do in the shower: Affirmations are merely simple positive statements you repeat to yourself, out loud, or silently in your mind. How long does the Law of Attraction take to work? This is an unknown. The Law of Attraction sometimes manifest our desires very quickly and sometimes it may take weeks, months or years. All you need to know is that the Universe will receive your instructions, and then make the situations happen which will let you receive your desires. For example, if you desire a new car, then the Universe might well arrange for a relative to win a competition and then pass the car to you as they don’t need it. There are many ways which the Universe will work to meet your desires. It takes its own time and has its own methods.

Excellent motivational leadership tips and tricks with Ron Wrobel: Learning languages can be a major part of your personal development plan. Not only will speaking more than one language help you stand out from the crowd (and it is a very impressive achievement) but you could also open yourself up to a world of new career opportunities with more companies than ever having a global outlook. If you learn the language, this could be your chance to make that move to your dream job abroad or to move up the ladder.

What can corporate training leaders do to maximize these matriculations? Of course, over the long term it’s possible to maximize matriculations from corporate training programs through assessments of competencies (rather than seat time). This requires a step back to look at what skills need to be mastered and how that mastery maps to the appropriate degree program. In the here and now, most universities work on seat time and learning outcomes which may not always provide an apparent correlation to a degree for the students. Connecting the dots for students and understanding the market value of the degree can provide the incentive for a corporate program participant to matriculate to a degree program.

Top rated motivational leadership tricks by Ron Wrobel : Supporting you in moving beyond your present paradigm, liberating you from limited thinking, and expanding possibility beyond your imagination is what good coaching is about. One famous high tech company proposes that we “think different!” Good coaches facilitate this “thinking differently” out of and beyond the box. Transformational coaching is far more powerful than problem solving, which addresses the symptom but not the root cause of the symptom. It is our relationship to our desires that creates suffering. Millions of individuals suffer from having desires, having them fulfilled and from having them unfulfilled. The fulfillment of desires is not a bad thing. If it was, then the fulfillment for the desire for peace, the desire for enlightenment and the desire to end desires would also be seen as something other than good.

Self education is very important if you want to obtain good business success! Build a good team. Yes, you must be the brain of all activities and decisions, but your team matters too. Without it, the work cannot be completed, and the desired success will be delayed. So make sure you have professional people around you who are doing well in their field and who can help give your company added value. What you do, your actions matter most. Thus, you take care of the image that you post, because in the end you represent your company and you are solely responsible for it. But do not try to look like someone who you are not, because you will seem fake and you will not inspire confidence. On the contrary, choose to be yourself, honest and open and people will appreciate this. Perhaps the least interesting activity of an entrepreneur is the one regarding the legal and tax aspects, but these are essential both for the success of the business and for the peace of the entrepreneur. In addition, it is much more difficult and costly to try to repair such mistakes later, so together with your consultant or your accountant and notices are needed, which is the tax regime, etc.

June 16, 2022 by Business

Confiable Barcelona citas trucos y sugerencias

Mejor Valladolid citas casuales guías? Sales con una chica, ambos parecen tener una gran química. Después de su cita, ambos se van a casa felices y satisfechos. Ahora piensas que las cosas solo pueden mejorar. Pero después de unos días, ella comienza a alejarse. Y debido a que no tienes idea de lo que has hecho mal, te sientes confundido y frustrado, cometiendo errores aún mayores que solo la alejan más. O tal vez eres un chico de aspecto decente que simplemente nunca tiene suerte en conseguir que las chicas hermosas te presten atención. Cualquiera que sea el problema para usted, este artículo lo ayudará a comprender algunas cosas clave que podría haber pasado por alto. Cuando se trata de citas, hay algunas reglas no contadas que muchos chicos, sin saberlo, no cumplen. Y cuando cometes estos mismos errores durante demasiado tiempo sin suerte, las citas pueden convertirse en otro juego frustrante para ti. Dicho esto, veamos diez errores que algunos chicos ni siquiera saben que están cometiendo. Si ha tenido dificultades para salir, tome nota de esto. Puede que estés vacilando. Leer aún más información en https://www.contactos-mujeres.com.

FYI: Estar solo es algo bueno. Un estado de relación soltero o incluso el tiempo que pasamos solos nos permite volvernos hacia adentro, explorar nuestros deseos más verdaderos y conocernos mejor a nosotros mismos. Cuando nos conocemos a nosotros mismos y lo que queremos, nuestra vida amorosa se vuelve más satisfactoria, exitosa y divertida. Se puede invertir cualquier cantidad de tiempo a solas para comprender lo que queremos de una pareja, pero lo que es más importante, puede hacernos sentir tan completos que no necesitamos una pareja. Permítanme ir por la tangente rápida sobre algunas reglas de citas obsoletas que realmente deberíamos deshacernos, como ayer. Para empezar, mis menos favoritas de todas las reglas de citas son “No besar en la primera cita” y la “Regla de las tres citas”. Descartemos cualquier regla que implique que lo que quieres hacer con tu cuerpo y cuándo quieres hacerlo no depende de ti. Crea tus propias reglas basadas en la comodidad y lo que sientes.

Muchos de nosotros tenemos extensas listas de verificación de requisitos previos incluso antes de considerar tener una primera cita. Tal vez quieras a alguien que sea exactamente como tú, ya sea en intereses, religión o antecedentes. Tal vez no estés mirando dos veces a las personas que tienen un cierto historial de citas, tienen más de cierta edad o tienen un gato (porque eres mucho más una persona de perros). Si bien los valores compartidos son cruciales y la compatibilidad a menudo está determinada por las similitudes, intente conocer a alguien antes de hacer suposiciones basadas en sus requisitos previos. Los únicos “requisitos previos” que necesita son sus valores no negociables, como la amabilidad, la integridad y el humor. De lo contrario, basa tus opiniones en cómo te sientes, no en una lista de verificación. Preste atención a la persona frente a usted y trate de no proyectar una narrativa o asignar significado a los rasgos antes de conocer a la persona. Haga preguntas y preocúpese genuinamente por qué alguien es como es antes de determinar si es o no para usted.

¡No… despidas a alguien después de una sola cita! En lugar de llegar a una conclusión precipitada, considere que la otra persona puede haber estado extremadamente nerviosa o simplemente tener un mal día. A menos que sea obvio que las cosas no funcionarán, ten una segunda cita para sentir realmente a esa otra persona. ¡Muchos matrimonios exitosos comenzaron con una mala primera cita! Quién sabe, tú también podrías ser uno de ellos algún día. ¡Sé aventurero! Cuando se trata de planificar una cita, piense fuera de la caja y reserve una actividad que no haya hecho antes. Necesitas inspiración? Suscríbete a la lista de correo @made_my_date y deja que tu bandeja de entrada se llene de ideas divertidas para citas.

Otro gran error que cometen la mayoría de los hombres al tener citas es perseguir mujeres. Está bien expresar tu deseo por una mujer. Pero si ella te dice que no está interesada y sigues forzándola, ese es un lugar poco saludable para estar. Aquí está la cosa: el deseo no es tan complicado. Cuando una mujer está interesada en ti, querrá que lo sepas. Lo más probable es que haga sus propios movimientos contigo, incluso si no lo dice con palabras. Por lo tanto, hacer la persecución larga y agotadora con mujeres rara vez vale la pena. Si ella dijo que no te quiere, no empieces a entrar más duro. Trágate tu orgullo y muévete hacia otra persona. La mayoría de los hombres cometen estos errores sin saberlo. Algunos simplemente caen en ellos por inseguridad o miedo al rechazo. Cualquiera que sea la razón, si está buscando mejorar su vida amorosa y construir una relación saludable para usted, deje de cometer estos errores.

Comunique sus preferencias: comparta sus necesidades y preferencias con anticipación. Muchas veces, a las personas les preocupa que parezcan “necesitadas” o “de alto mantenimiento”. No, estás estableciendo expectativas. Si su trabajo requiere que esté en llamadas virtuales la mayor parte del día y no puede enviar mensajes de texto o llamar durante el día, comuníquelo e informe a la otra parte cuando esté disponible. Si prefiere los registros diarios, incluso un pequeño mensaje de texto para saludar, infórmele a la persona. Eres puntual? Exprese su agradecimiento por llegar a tiempo a las fechas. Está constantemente llegando tarde? Avisa a tu cita y discúlpate por adelantado. Ver adicional información en contactos-mujeres.com.

June 16, 2022 by Relationships

Quality plastic surgery studies with Karim Sarhane

Plastic surgery research studies with Karim Sarhane in 2022? We performed a study with rodents and primates that showed this new delivery method provided steady release of IGF-1 at the target nerve for up to 6 weeks,” Dr. Karim Sarhane reported. Compared to animals without this hormone treatment, IGF-1 treated animals (rodents and primates) that were injected every 6 weeks showed a 30% increase in nerve recovery. This has the potential to be a very meaningful therapy for patients with nerve injuries. Not only do these results show increased nerve recovery but receiving a treatment every 6 weeks is much easier on a patient’s lifestyle than current available regiments that require daily treatment.

Dr. Karim Sarhane is an MD MSc graduate from the American University of Beirut. Following graduation, he completed a 1-year internship in the Department of Surgery at AUB. He then joined the Reconstructive Transplantation Program of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Johns Hopkins University for a 2-year research fellowship. He then completed a residency in the Department of Surgery at the University of Toledo (2021). In July 2021, he started his plastic surgery training at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Surgery (2021).

The combination of nanoparticle carriers with hydrogels as a hybrid delivery system has recently come into favor for purposes including passively controlled drug release, stimuli-responsive drug delivery, site-specific drug delivery, and detoxification. The addition of a hydrogel to a nanoparticle delivery system allows for an added level of tunability as well as increased assurance that the nanoparticles remain at the local site of delivery in vivo (Gao et al., 2016; Norouzi et al., 2016). A promising approach being pursued by our group for repair of PNI involves encapsulation of IGF-1 into nanoparticles that provide sustained release of IGF-1 for over 6 weeks. The nanoparticles are then suspended within a biomimetic nanofiber hydrogel composite carrier to facilitate in vivo application and preliminary results have been encouraging (Santos et al., 2016). The approach involves injection of the composite hydrogel into the denervated target muscle and around the nerve distal to the site of injury, such that the released bioactive IGF-1 diffuses through the target tissues. Our unpublished data suggests that IGF-1 does not act on regenerating axons in gradient-dependent fashion, as uniform delivery along the distal nerve results in a robust treatment effect. However, the question of gradient dependence has not been specifically addressed to our knowledge and warrants further investigation. To achieve maximal treatment effect, IGF-1 will likely need to be delivered for the duration of the regenerative period, which can last many months or even years. It is unlikely that an engineered drug delivery system will be developed that can achieve this duration of release with a single dose. We therefore anticipate that interval ultrasound-guided reinjections will be needed, with the dosing schedule being dependent on the duration of drug release.

Recovery with sustained IGF-1 delivery (Karim Sarhane research) : Functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury is limited by progressive atrophy of denervated muscle and Schwann cells (SCs) that occurs during the long regenerative period prior to end-organ reinnervation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent mitogen with well-described trophic and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons, myocytes, and SCs. Achieving sustained, targeted delivery of small protein therapeutics remains a challenge.

The amount of time that elapses between initial nerve injury and end-organ reinnervation has consistently been shown to be the most important predictor of functional recovery following PNI (Scheib and Hoke, 2013), with proximal injuries and delayed repairs resulting in worse outcomes (Carlson et al., 1996; Tuffaha et al., 2016b). This is primarily due to denervation-induced atrophy of muscle and Schwann cells (SCs) (Fu and Gordon, 1995).

The amount of time that elapses between initial nerve injury and end-organ reinnervation has consistently been shown to be the most important predictor of functional recovery following PNI (Scheib and Hoke, 2013), with proximal injuries and delayed repairs resulting in worse outcomes (Carlson et al., 1996; Tuffaha et al., 2016b). This is primarily due to denervation-induced atrophy of muscle and Schwann cells (SCs) (Fu and Gordon, 1995). Following surgical repair, axons often must regenerate over long distances at a relatively slow rate of 1–3 mm/day to reach and reinnervate distal motor endplates. Throughout this process, denervated muscle undergoes irreversible loss of myofibrils and loss of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), thereby resulting in progressive and permanent muscle atrophy. It is well known that the degree of muscle atrophy increases with the duration of denervation (Ishii et al., 1994). Chronically denervated SCs within the distal nerve are also subject to time-dependent senescence. Following injury, proliferating SCs initially maintain the basal lamina tubes through which regenerating axons travel. SCs also secrete numerous neurotrophic factors that stimulate and guide axonal regeneration. However, as time elapses without axonal interaction, SCs gradually lose the capacity to perform these important functions, and the distal regenerative pathway becomes inhospitable to recovering axons (Ishii et al., 1993; Glazner and Ishii, 1995; Grinsell and Keating, 2014).

June 16, 2022 by Computer Science

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